How the Brain-Gut Axis Works

The brain and gut communicate through the vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, and hormones. When you're stressed, the brain sends distress signals to the gut, leading to physical changes such as increased stomach acid production, slowed digestion, or abnormal gut motility. This is why stressful situations often cause symptoms like nausea, cramps, or upset stomach.

Chronic stress can also alter the gut’s microbiome—the community of beneficial bacteria essential for digestion, immune function, and overall health. When stress disrupts the balance of these bacteria, it can lead to issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammation, and leaky gut syndrome.